From the PMS signs to watch out for to preparing your first period kit, we’ve got you covered
On this page
- What causes menstruation?
- When will I get my first period & what are the signs to look out for?
- What to do when it starts?
- How long will it last?
- How much period blood will I lose & what will it look like?
- What products can I use during my period?
- Best for heavy flows
- Best for light flows
- Best for nighttime
- How do I put a tampon in?
- What happens if I bleed on my clothes?
- Can I still swim & play sports?
- What are the other symptoms to expect?
- What can I do about period pain?
- How often will I get my period?
- Will I have periods forever?
- Can I get pregnant?
- How do I know if my flow is light, medium or heavy?
- What is ‘normal’?
- How to talk to a young person if they feel uncomfortable about their first period
- Struggling to afford your period kit?
- Frequently asked questions
This article/page uses terms such as ‘male/man/men’ and ‘female/woman/women’. Please note, this is in reference to the sex assigned at birth. We know and understand that these terms may not fully encompass the experiences of transgender, non-binary, and gender-diverse individuals.
You never forget your first period – and before that day arrives, you may worry about what to expect. But hey, that’s totally normal! If you or someone you know is approaching or going through puberty, here’s our expert-led guide to everything they – and you – need to know.
What causes menstruation?
Every month, your body prepares for pregnancy. The lining of your uterus gets thicker to help prepare to nurture a fertilised egg.
If the egg isn’t fertilised, this lining isn’t needed and breaks down, leaving the body as blood through the vagina. This is your period – also known as menstruation.
Everyone’s cycle can be different, so while the average is to have a period every 28 days, it’s not uncommon for this to fluctuate while your body settles into a regular pattern.
When will I get my first period & what are the signs to look out for?
Your first period can start anytime from the age of eight to 15, with the average age being around 12. Typically, your periods will start about two years after your breasts start growing. You may experience some white vaginal discharge; typically, your period will start around a year after that.
There are some signs and symptoms to look out for which might indicate you’re starting your period:
- Spotting: Small spots of blood on your underwear or when you wipe
- Cramps: Abdominal discomfort or mild pain
- Back pain: An aching or heavy feeling in your lower back
If you’ve not had a period by 15 years old, or if you’re 13 years old and haven’t shown other signs of puberty – such as breast development – you should speak to your GP.
What to do when it starts?
First things first: don’t panic. Periods are completely natural, and you’re not alone. If you feel comfortable, talk to someone you trust like a parent, teacher or maybe a friend who has already started their period – they’ll be able to help.
It can be as simple as changing your underwear if you need to, popping a pad in your underwear and getting on with your day. It’s always a good idea to carry a small period kit with pads, wipes and spare underwear, just in case.
How long will it last?
Your first period might be very light and only last a couple of days, or it might be heavier. It can take a while for periods to become regular, but once your body settles into a cycle, periods typically last between two and seven days.
How much period blood will I lose & what will it look like?
Most people only lose around one to five tablespoons of blood during their period – but we understand that this can look like a lot. When you first start your period, it can be lighter and range in colour from pink or red to brown – all of which are normal.
What products can I use during my period?
The good news is that there are loads of options in a range of sizes and absorbencies to support you during your period.
Here are the main types to help you discover what works best for you and your lifestyle:
Period pants are another great option. They’re widely available and can be washed at home, making them an environmentally friendly and cost-effective solution for long-term use.
When your periods are more established, you may feel comfortable to use tampons or reusable cups, but it’s entirely your choice.
Best for heavy flows
Managing heavy flow days can feel daunting, but with the right high-absorbency products, you can stay comfortable and confident, allowing you to go about your day without worry.
Try: Tampax Super Plus Tampons With Applicator
• Size: 20 cardboard applicator tampons
• Protective skirt to help avoid leaks
• Anti-slip grip for easy insertion
Offering long-lasting protection, these discreet, individually wrapped tampons come with a compact cardboard applicator and a rounded tip for comfortable insertion.
When using tampons, make sure to change them regularly (this is around four to six hours depending on your flow). Make sure to never wear them for more than six hours – this could put you at risk of an infection called toxic shock syndrome.
Try: Always Ultra Sanitary Towels Day & Night (Size 3)
• Size: 18 pads with wings
• Leak-guard technology helps prevent leaks
• Odour-lock technology neutralises odours
With triple protection and secure wings to help keep your sanitary towel in place, these pads use the latest technology to create a multifunctional pad for day or night protection.
Try: WUKA Teen Stretch Period Pants, Multi Sized, Midi Brief, Heavy Flow
• Suitable for teens aged 12-16
• Narrow gusset designed for teen proportions
• Reusable for 2 years
This period-proof underwear is designed to grow with your child up to three sizes, thanks to the unique inner gusset that expands bi-directionally for a comfortable, leak-free custom fit. They’re ideal for keeping teens dry, secure and odour-free for up to 12 hours.
Try: Tampax Heavy Flow Menstrual Cup
• Includes carry case
• Made of 100% medical grade silicone
• Comfort-fit protection for up to 12 hours
If you’re a little more experienced with period products, you may feel comfortable using a menstrual cup. Designed with a gynaecologist, it features a body-inspired shape that stays in place and reduces pressure on your bladder.
Best for light flows
Light flow days call for lighter, more discreet protection that still offers reliable comfort. From panty liners to ultra-thin towels and reusable period pants, these products provide the right amount of comfort and absorbency.
Try: Lil-Lets Teens Sanitary Towels (petite) – Day
• Size: 14 pads
• Stay-put wings for security
• Fragrance free & no colourants
With wings specially designed for younger girls to use during their first period and the first few years of their periods, these pads are smaller than most night-time sanitary pads but are still very efficient, offering the reassuring protection you’re looking for.
Breathable and with a soft cover, they’re unscented to reduce the risk of irritation and have discreet packaging in a pretty drawstring bag if you want to keep your period under wraps for now.
Try: Boots Everyday Panty Liners Normal
• Size: 60 liners
• Dermatologically tested
• Super soft
Perfect for lighter days during your period, especially towards the end, Boots Everyday Panty Liners provide the ideal protection. Designed to limit odours and deliver long-lasting freshness, they offer comfort and confidence when you need it most.
Best for nighttime
Nighttime requires extra support so you can rest without worry of leaks or spill. These products are designed for longer wear and maximum absorbency, so you wake up feeling fresh and protected.
Try: Boots Ultra Towels Night
• Size: 10 pads with wings
• Individually folded & wrapped
• Dermatologically tested
Featuring a super-absorbent core and added security with wings, these pads offer long-lasting protection while helping to limit odours. Thanks to upgraded materials and technology, these new towels are thinner than previous versions, offering you enhanced convenience without compromising on performance.
Try: FLO Bamboo Night Pads
• Size: 14 pads
• Plant-based period protection
• Ultra-absorbent
Hypoallergenic, biodegradable and plastic-free, these bamboo pads are crafted using 100% organic certified bamboo and non-GMO corn fibre. The result is a silky-soft, super-absorbent and ultra-thin towel that stay securely in place with wings. Plus, they’re individually wrapped for on-the-go convenience.
Try: Always Platinum Secure Night (Size 4)
• Size: 7 pads
• 5x comfort to feel protected
• Soft & fit design to adapt to your body
Designed with comfort-lock wings for a better fit on any type of underwear, along with 1,000 micro-cushions for enhanced comfort and absorbency, these pads help prevent leaks, shifting and discomfort.
Discover more top period products tailored to the absorbency you need by browsing our full range.
How do I put a tampon in?
If you choose to use tampons, it can be difficult to insert them initially. You can start with a smaller size and use a small amount of lubricant if you need it.
Take a few calming breaths to help the muscles in the vagina to relax and avoid trying it for the first time when you’re in a rush.
What happens if I bleed on my clothes?
It happens – and trust us, it’s not a big deal! Blood can easily be washed out with cold water and stain remover. If you’re worried about leaks, keeping a change of underwear or clothes on hand can help. Remember, periods are nothing to hide – around half the population will experience them at some point.
Can I still swim & play sports?
Absolutely. If you feel well enough, there’s no reason to stop swimming, running or playing sports. Tampons or menstrual cups are often more comfortable for activities like swimming.
What are the other symptoms to expect?
PMS – premenstrual syndrome – is the term used to describe the emotional and physical symptoms that happen before or during the period. The NHS explains that symptoms can include:
- Mood swings
- Feeling upset, irritable or anxious
- Bloating or tummy pain
- Breast tenderness
- Tiredness or difficulty sleeping
- Headaches
- Spotty skin
- Greasy hair
- Changes in appetite
Regular exercise, eating a healthy, balanced diet (potentially with small meals every two to three hours), seven to nine hours of sleep per night, reducing everyday stress with yoga or meditation, taking pain relief medicines, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol (if suitable for you) and keeping a diary of your symptoms for at least two to three menstrual cycles can be helpful.
If these don’t work for you or if your symptoms are affecting your daily life, speak to your GP for further support.
What can I do about period pain?
Periods can cause discomfort, but there are ways to help ease the pain. For mild period pain, try using a hot water bottle wrapped in a tea towel and wearing comfortable clothing. Doing gentle exercise can also help to ease period pain. You can try doing yoga, going swimming, walking or cycling.
You can take pain relief medicines, like paracetamol or ibuprofen, if they’re suitable for you.
If you’re struggling with your period pain, make sure to speak to your GP. You can also consider the Boots Online Doctor Period Pain Relief service* for advice and treatment to help soothe your discomfort and cramps during your periods.
If you find that these medications still don’t help relieve your pain and it’s affecting your quality of life, make sure to speak to your GP.
How often will I get my period?
While the average cycle is 28 days, it’s normal to have periods every 21 to 35 days. It may take a couple of years for your cycle to settle into a pattern, so keeping track with a diary or an app can be really helpful.
Will I have periods forever?
No, periods stop once you go through menopause, due to declining oestrogen and progesterone levels, usually between the ages of 45 and 55. They’ll also pause if you’re pregnant.
Can I get pregnant?
Yes, once you start your period, your body is able to get pregnant. In some girls, ovulation can start before the first period.
It’s important to learn about safer sex to help reduce the risk of getting or passing on a sexually transmitted infection (STI) and unplanned pregnancy.
How do I know if my flow is light, medium or heavy?
Light periods are usually described as vaginal spotting. The NHS suggests that you may have heavy periods if you:
- Have to change your pad or tampon every one to two hours, or empty your menstrual cup more often than is recommended
- Need to use two types of sanitary products together, like a pad and a tampon
- Have periods lasting more than seven days
- Pass blood clots bigger than about 2.5cm (the size of a 10p coin)
- Bleed through to your bedding or clothes
- Avoid daily activities, like exercise, or take time off school because of your periods
- Often feel tired or short of breath
You can take the NHS heavy period assessment here.
Make sure to speak to your GP if:
- Heavy periods are affecting your life
- You have severe pain during your periods
- You have heavy periods and other symptoms like pain when weeing or pooing
What is ‘normal’?
Periods are different for everyone, but a good rule to follow is that your period shouldn’t stop you from living your day-to-day life.
If you’re feeling pain, discomfort or have concerns about your period, don’t suffer in silence. Help is available and speaking to your GP can make a difference.
Noting down your period dates, symptoms and changes using as diary, calendar or app can be a big help when speaking to your GP.
If you’re experiencing any symptoms that feel overwhelming or that are impacting your daily life, it’s important to speak to your GP. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe form of PMS that can affect both your mental and physical health.
Look out for symptoms like:
- Mood swings, anger or irritability
- Feeling exhausted, anxious or tense
- Struggling with feelings of being overwhelmed or disengaged
- Difficulty concentrating on everyday tasks
- Suicidal thoughts – if you’re experiencing these, make sure to reach out for help immediately
While the exact causes of PMDD are unknown at the moment, it has been connected to genes and sensitivity to changes in hormones. PMDD is a complex situation that can feel overwhelming, but support is available. Your GP can help you to explore treatment options and strategies to help manage your symptoms.
How to talk to a young person if they feel uncomfortable about their first period
For many young people, the idea of their first period can feel a bit overwhelming, but open, honest conversations can help them feel prepared and confident. Starting the conversation early and keeping it relaxed can make all the difference.
Periods are a completely normal part of growing up, so it’s best to approach the topic as on ongoing conversation rather than a one-off formal chat. Everyday moments – like seeing a tampon advert on TV or shopping for period products – can be a great opportunity to bring up the subject in a casual, reassuring way.
Don’t shy away from using scientific terms like ‘vagina’ when talking about periods. It’s important to be straightforward and positive, emphasising that periods are natural and nothing to be embarrassed about. Let them ask questions and guide the conversation based on what they already know or what they want to learn.
Understanding periods isn’t just for those who’ll experience them. It’s important to talk to people that don't experience menstruations about the practicalities, mood changes and biology of periods. It’s a great way to normalise the subject and help create a more supportive environment for everyone.
When discussing periods, it’s also helpful to explain that starting their period means their body is now able to get pregnant. It’s important to touch on this subject sensitively, covering pregnancy and contraception in a way that’s age-appropriate and reassuring.
Whether they’re feeling worried or have lots of questions, let them know they can always come to you for advice. Being calm and approachable can help them feel confident in discussing their body and any changes they experience.
Struggling to afford your period kit?
If you’re finding it hard to cover the cost of period products, schools and colleges in England offer free supplies through the government’s period product scheme.
To access free period products, speak to your school or college – they’re there to help and can provide items discreetly.
Local councils may also be able to provide period products to those who can’t afford them. Check your local council’s website for more information.
If people have donated them, you can find period products at your local food bank.
Alternatively, you can visit charities like Freedom4Girls to donate and help those living in period poverty access free period products.
If you can afford to, you can save money in the long term by buying reusable products like menstrual cups and period underwear, which have a higher cost upfront but are cheaper on a cost-per-wear basis.
Navigating your first period can feel overwhelming, but it doesn’t have to be. With knowledge and preparation, you or a young person in your life can feel confident and ready. Remember, there's no need to panic – periods are a natural part of life.
Frequently asked questions
When do periods start in the month?
Periods can start at any time during the month, but they typically follow a regular cycle of 21 to 35 days. The start date can vary based on individual cycles and factors like everyday stress or health.
What are the signs your daughter is about to start her period?
Signs that your daughter’s period might be on its way include growing underarm and pubic hair. Periods usually start about two years after breast development begins, but the timing is different for everyone.
While the average age for a first period is around 12, it’s perfectly normal for it to happen earlier or later. Remember, everyone’s journey through puberty is different.
How long does a first period last for a 12-year-old?
The first period might not last very long, as it can take the body a few months to settle into a regular pattern. Once things settle and even out, periods typically happen every 23 to 35 days and last around two to seven days – though everyone’s cycle is different, and that’s completely normal.
My daughter started her period at 10, will she still grow?
The largest growth spurt during puberty usually happens before the start of the first period. Growth usually slows down after the first period, but everyone’s development timeline is unique.
If you’re worried about your child’s growth, make sure to speak to your GP.
