Whether you’re facing a battle yourself or you’re concerned for a loved one, we take a closer look at substance dependency, how to spot the signs & where to get help
What is substance dependency?
Put simply, substance dependency is the medical term used to describe a reoccurring desire to take a certain substance. Classed as a mental health disorder, substance dependency can affect a person both psychologically and behaviourally, which can lead to an inability to control the use of a drug, medicine or alcohol.
What are some commonly misused substances?
While at first glance it may seem like substance dependency predominantly refers to drugs, it actually includes the likes of nicotine or tobacco products, alcohol, over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription medication, such as stimulant laxatives (for weight loss), too.
When it comes to identifying some of the most commonly misused drugs, these tend to include:
- Heroin
- Cocaine
- Ketamine
- Marijuana
- Cannabis
- Codeine
Bear in mind that there are a lot of different substances that someone may become dependent on that go beyond these examples.
The consequences of substance misuse
It comes as no surprise that continuous substance misuse can have a negative impact on our health. While the consequences can be different (depending on the type and volume of substance being used, the person’s age, weight and state of mind), generally speaking, substance dependency may cause a range of health issues, including:
- Constant fatigue
- Weight loss
- Insomnia (problems sleeping)
- Lung or liver disease
- Increased risk of stroke
- Heart disease
- Some cancers
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Kidney damage
- Mental health disorders like anxiety and depression
- In extreme cases, overdose
Signs of substance dependency
It’s estimated that at least 15.3 million people have a drug use disorder.* Despite this, it can sometimes be hard to spot the signs of substance dependency because it can get worse gradually over time. However, some things to look out for include:
Psychological signs
- Having a lack of interest in things that used to bring joy
- Craving or having a strong desire to use the substance
- Making sure there’s always a supply of the substance
- Spending money on the substance, despite not being able to afford it
- Continuing to use the substance, even though it's causing problems or physical and psychological harm
- Feeling the inability to cope without the substance
- Feeling ashamed, hiding the substance or using them alone
Physical signs
- Having withdrawal symptoms, like feeling sick, anxious or shaky
- No longer taking care of appearance
- Having problems at work or with family
- Sleeping at odd hours
- Eating more or less than normal
- Blackouts, confusion and difficulty remembering what happened while using the substance
Changes in behaviour
- Changing friends a lot
- Spending more time alone than usual
- Switching quickly from feeling good to feeling bad
- Not meeting obligations and work responsibilities, or cutting back on social activities because of substance use
- Doing things that are out of character, such as stealing
It’s important to note that some of the above symptoms aren’t always a sign of substance dependence and may be a sign of something else, such as depression or anxiety. However, it’s a good idea to speak to a GP for advice if any of these symptoms are experienced.
How to recognise signs of substance dependency in loved ones
If you’re worried a loved one may be experiencing substance dependency, it’s good to know some of the key signs to look out for so you can try and support them to get the help they need. This includes:
- Money issues – experiencing sudden requests for money without valid explanation, noticing things in the house are going missing, or that money has been taken without permission
- Changes in behaviour – this can be anything from not sharing where they’re going, who they’re with, not letting you enter their room, or any drastic changes in behaviour that are out of the ordinary
- Differences in physical appearance – showing a lack of interest in how they look, the clothes they wear and personal hygiene
- Health issues – you may notice they have a lack in energy and motivation, as well as changes in weight or having red eyes
- Problems at work or school – frequently missing school or work, showing a disinterest or having a drop in performance and grades
When to see a doctor
If you think you’re becoming dependent on a substance, a good starting point is to speak to your GP. If you’re worried about a loved one, try to encourage them to seek the help of their GP. They can get a better understanding of what’s going on, the extent of the dependency, as well as finding any required appropriate treatment or support going forward, whether this is at the GP practice or through a local drug treatment service. The type of treatment offered depends on the type of substance and personal circumstances.
The NHS Substance Dependency Services** are also available in selected Boots pharmacies, and include a range of services for people who use or have used drugs and want to stay safe.
If speaking to a GP feels a little daunting or you're having trouble finding the right sort of help, the Frank drugs helpline is available on 0300 123 6600.
Remember, acknowledging the problem is the first step and with the right help and support, it’s possible to overcome substance dependency and keep it that way.
